Climate change is caused by the absorption of the ultraviolet rays by the oxygen.

Author; Rogelio Perez C

In the world is under the effects of a global warming, which we also understand, under the concept of climate change, this work presents a new way of understanding the problem.

The problems of climate change occur primarily by an increase in the temperature of the planet. The temperature can be defined as the average speed of the molecules. The temperature of the planet can be understood primarily as the average speed of the molecules of the atmosphere by the absorption of energy emanating from the sun or other source.

Then we understand that an increase in the velocity of the molecules, by an increase in the absorption of energy, or the increase of the molecules of the atmosphere, which cause the heat in the Earth, could lead to an increase in the temperature of the planet, known as Global warming.

Science teaches us that this is happening, and describes it as a greenhouse effect, originated by human activity, which leads to an increase in the molecules (greenhouse gases), which absorb infrared (heat),

New vision of the problem. 

When we observe, that 99.9% of the atmosphere molecule do not absorb infrared (heat), and the gases that absorb infrared, are only 0.04% of all the molecules in the atmosphere, we understand that this percentage of gases, not only, is not significant for to sustain the heat of the planet, much less, to cause global warming.

This paper presents the following solution; When we observe that the (oxygen) 21% of the gases of the atmosphere, absorb ultraviolet energy, that the oxygen originates light and heat, in the upper layers of the atmosphere by the absorption of ultraviolet light, in addition the greater amount of oxygen, is in the lower layer of the atmosphere and the ultraviolet energy it also reaches the lower layer of the Atmosphere (Troposphere).

Conclude That the absorption of the ultraviolet energy by oxygen, in the lower layer of the atmosphere (troposphere), is the main cause of the earth heat, and the global warming is due not to the increase of the oxygen molecules, but to the greater amount of energy Ultraviolet that reaches up to the troposphere, which is absorbed by the oxygen.

Introduction 

For more than 100 years scientists know the importance of sun energy in the heat of the air. First to predict global warming: The Nobel Prize Svante Arrhenius, in the 1896 document shows us a context in his writings, where scientists agreed that the air retains the heat of light, and that the increased heat retention of the air is the energy that and they called it Dark (ultraviolet). The concept of the greenhouse effect began to appear at this time, as a retention of both infrared and ultraviolet radiation, they called it, dark light, giving greater importance to the percentage of these gases in the atmosphere.

At the time of 1896 was not known with accuracy the percentage level of gases in the atmosphere, as at present, so that were inclined some by the vapors from the air, and others by the carbonic acid, as called the carbon dioxide.

Now that we know more specifically the components of the atmosphere and its absorption of the radiation from the sun, we cannot continue with ideas from 120 years ago, where the data that had of the temperatures of the full moon, helped to impose the thesis, of the heating by the Carbonic acid, eliminating the importance of ultraviolet radiation and other theses that existed at the time.

Global warming is one of the problems that affront humans currently. Temperatures are rising several years ago, and the main scientific explanation has generated division among scientists.

The scientific consensus accepts global warming, but I believe that the percentage that does not accept the main explanation for this phenomenon is high, besides that the explanation about global warming, on the part of the scientific community is quite exotic, what Which generates, that some who had doubts about global warming, have begun to reject it. and others, who express doubts about the assumption of a greenhouse effect, are rejected, originating in this way, Not a better understanding of the problem, but a shortage of new scenarios for climate problems.

The scientific hypothesis is because the man is the main cause of global warming, by the production of the gases that absorb the heat (greenhouse gases), being one of the main dioxides of carbon.

The explanation of global warming says; It is a product of a greenhouse effect, by gases that absorb heat, but a greenhouse originated by gases, to the similarity as the facts with solid material like glass is very difficult, the scientific hypothesis besides proposing a greenhouse originated with gases, these greenhouse gases, do not reach 0.04% the gases of the atmosphere.

The scientific experiment on how carbon dioxide works to cause the greenhouse effect is always done with a greenhouse made of glass or plastic. This causes greater doubt about global warming, due to a greenhouse effect caused by gases.

The atmosphere is the layer of gas that surrounds a cosmic body. The gases are attracted by the gravity of the body and are kept in him if the severity is sufficient and the temperature of the atmosphere is low. Some planets are formed mainly by gas, by what they have atmospheres very deep.

Atmospheres of other planets 

in the atmosphere of the planet Mars, carbon dioxide is equivalent to 95.3, and its average temperature is (-46 °c) [I], but we also have to say that it receives fewer rays of sunlight than the earth, and its atmosphere is less dense than Earth.

The planet Mercury carbon dioxide equals 3.6% of its atmosphere, twenty times more than the percentage of the Earth, on the day that the temperature can reach (427 °c), on nights when the temperature can reach (-170 °c) 

[II]. On the planet Venus, carbon dioxide is 96%, it is the hottest planet in the solar system above the mercury, which is closer to the sun, its maximum temperature is (499 °c), the average is (463 ° C), the minimum is (-45C °) [III],

The earth has the hottest atmosphere in the solar system.

When we look up into the Earth's atmosphere, to the ionosphere, we can see that we have the hottest atmosphere of the solar system, with just 0.1% of the mass of the atmosphere, this tenuous layer of gas makes the Earth's atmosphere , the hottest solar system, 3 times hotter than Mercury and Venus, which are the planets closest to the Sun, the ionosphere has a maximum temperature of 1500 ° C.

What gas in the atmosphere produces these high temperatures in the ionosphere?

We know that in the atmosphere the main gases are; Nitrogen 78%, oxygen 21%, argon 0.9% and carbon dioxide 0.04%, but the only highly reactive gas, which absorbs ionizing energy like ultraviolet, is oxygen, so we can conclude; That the ionization of oxygen is the cause of these high temperatures in the ionosphere.

The composition of the Earth's atmosphere. 

The atmosphere of the planet is made up of 78% of nitrogen which is an inert gas that usually does not react with other substances. 21% oxygen, which is a highly reactive gas. 9% argon, and 01 percent of other gases.

Almost the whole of the air (95%) has less than 30 km high, being more than 75% in the troposphere. The air form in the troposphere a mixture of gases homogeneous to the point that their behavior is equivalent to that which would have if it were composed of a single gas.

• Nitrogen: constitutes 78% of the volume of air. It is composed of molecules that have two nitrogen atoms, so that your formula is n2. It is an inert gas, i.e. that usually does not react with other substances.

• Oxygen: represents the 21% of the volume of air. It is formed by molecules of two atoms of oxygen and its formula is O2. It is a gas very reactive and most of the living beings need to live. 

• Argon: contributes in 0.9% of the volume of air. It is a noble gas that does not react with any substance.

• Carbon dioxide: it is composed of molecules of a carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, so that your formula is CO2. Represents the 0.03 per cent of the volume of air and participates in the biological processes and climatically very important. The plant needs to carry out photosynthesis and is the residue of the breathing and combustion reactions that occur, for example, in a forest fire or in the engine of a car. 

This gas helps retain mainly the heat of radiation terrestrial and atmospheric, so that is the main cause of the greenhouse effect.

• Ozone: It is a minority of gases found in the stratosphere. Its formula is O3, because its molecules have three oxygen atoms. It is of great importance for life on our planet because its production of atmospheric oxygen absorbs most of the ultraviolet rays of the sun.

• Water vapor: It is in very variable quantity and participates in the formation of clouds or fog. It is one of the gases that causes the greenhouse effect. 

• Solid Particles and liquid: in the air there are many solid particles in suspension, like, for example, dust that raises the wind or the pollen. These materials have a very variable distribution, depending on the wind and the human activity. Between the liquids, the most important substance is the water in suspension that is located in the clouds [iv]

Origin atmospheric heat 

The solar radiation is the main energy source and virtually the only for the atmosphere of our planet. This solar radiation reaches us in the form of heatstroke: rays of light and heat of different wavelengths that constitute the visible spectrum (luminous rays) and the shorter wavelength not visible (UV) and longer wavelength (infrared rays, which are also not visible).

Thus, the visible spectrum is located in the middle of the spectrum formed by the solar radiation that reaches our planet, and more specifically to the terrestrial atmosphere.

The solar radiation passes through the atmosphere without heating it, because the air is diathermanous, that is to say, it is allowed to pass through the solar rays without heating. But this solar radiation, when it reaches the terrestrial or maritime surface, is transformed by increasing its wavelength and can heat the water as well as the soil and the lower layers of the air. Thus, This warming of the Earth's atmosphere is not direct but indirect from infrared rays of greater wavelength that are re-issued by the land surface warm.2

The heating in the lower layers of air is due to two closely related phenomena: 

1. The highest atmospheric pressure of the air at low altitude. This is derived from the fact that the air is compressible, i.e. it can be compressed by its own weight. and low-altitude compressed air can absorb much more heat than expanded air that is at high levels.

2. The low range of waves reflected by the Earth's surface: These waves are of infrared radiation (long wave) and lose their thermal energy very quickly after being emitted.

Global warming and climate change refers to the observed increase in more than a century of the temperature of the climate system of the Earth and its effects [v] .Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming up [vi] Many of the changes observed since the 1950s have no precedent in the instrumental record temperatures that extends to the middle of the nineteenth century or in the proxy logs paleo climate that cover thousands of years. [Vii]

Ultraviolet radiation 

Is called ultraviolet radiation or UV radiation to the electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength is covered approximately between 400 nm (4x10-7 m) and 15 Nm (1.5x10-8 m).

The greater part of the ultraviolet radiation that reaches the earth occurs in the forms UV-C, UV-B and UV-A; mainly in the latter, due to absorption by the atmosphere. These ranges are related with the damage they produce in the human being:

The UV-C (the most harmful for life) does not reach the earth to be absorbed by the oxygen and ozone in the atmosphere; the UV-B radiation is partially absorbed by the ozone and only reaches the surface of the earth in a minimum percentage, despite that can cause damage to the skin. [Xi]

Increased ultraviolet radiation 

NASA scientists who analyzed 30 years of satellite data found that the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches the surface of the land has increased significantly in the last three decades. Most of the increase has occurred in the middle and high latitudes, and there has been little or no increase in tropical regions. [Viii]

The researchers speculate that this increase in the flow of ultraviolet light may have been caused by the depletion of the ozone layer, as a result of the increase of aerosols due to the seasonal storms and fires in the area. In addition, there was a large solar flare just two weeks before it is recorded flows UV higher.

Although the evidence that relates the event solar with radiation record is only circumstantial, it is known that the particles of these eruptions affect atmospheric chemistry and can increase the ozone depletion. [Ix]

The investigation recently published for the first time examines changes in ultraviolet radiation (UV) in Australia for a period of fifty years (1959-2009). The investigation found that there has been a total annual increase in UV levels from 2 per cent to 6 per cent since the 1990s, to locations throughout Australia. [X]

Prognosis Clear Sky UV Index

The Index Clear Sky UV is a measure for the UV radiation effective (1 unit equals 25 MW / m2) that reaches the surface of the Earth. The UV index of the cloudless sky is based on the spectrum of action of CIE for the susceptibility of the skin Caucasian to sunburn (erythema) and is valid for conditions free of clouds in the solar noon local, i.e., when the sun is highest in the sky. The forecasts are provided for today and the next few days.

Oxygen is a chemical element of atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O, under normal pressure and temperature conditions, oxygen is a colorless and odorless gas with O2 molecular formula, in which two oxygen atoms are linked to the electronics of Triple-State configuration. This link has a two-link order and is generally simplified in the descriptions as a double link or as a combination of a two-electron link and two three-electron links.

The oxygen is a very reactive than form oxides with all elements.

Triplet oxygen-which should not be confused with ozone, O3-is the fundamental state of the O2 molecule, which has two unpaired electrons occupying two generated molecular orbits. This orbital is classified as anti-binders, weaken the binding order of three to two, so the dioxygen bond is weaker than the triple bond of diatomic nitrogen, in which all the orbital bonds of the molecular bonds are filled, but some Anti-orbital binding is not.

In its normal triplet form, the O2 molecules are paramagnetic; In other words, in the presence of a magnetic field, they form a magnet, due to the magnetic momentum of the rotation of the decoupled electrons in the molecule and the interaction of the negative exchange between the contiguous O2 molecules. Xiii

Creation of ozone 

Ozone occurs naturally in the stratosphere when radiation High Energy Solar hits the oxygen molecules, O2, and makes the two oxygen atoms are separated in a process called photolysis [xiv]

As it increases, the temperature in the stratosphere increases. This rise in temperature is because ultraviolet rays transformed oxygen into ozone, a process involving heat: ionized air becomes a good conductor of electricity and therefore the heat

It is known as Joule effect to the irreversible phenomenon by means of which, if a conductor circulates electric current, part of the kinetic energy of the electrons is transformed into heat. Because of the shocks that it suffers with the atoms of the conductive material by which they circulate raising the temperature of the same one.

Absorption and emission of electromagnetic spectrum of oxygen. 

It is called the electromagnetic spectrum to the power distribution of the set of electromagnetic waves. Refer to an object is called the electromagnetic spectrum or simply spectrum to the electromagnetic radiation emitted (emission spectrum) or absorbed (absorption spectrum) to a substance. [Xv]

The fire triangle or triangle of combustion is a model that describes the three elements necessary to generate most of fires: a fuel, an oxidant (an oxidizing agent such as oxygen) and the activation energy. When these factors are combined in the correct proportion, the fire is triggered. On the other hand, it is also possible to prevent or attack a fire by eliminating one of them [xvi]

Without enough heat, the fire cannot start or spread. It can be eliminated by introducing a compound that takes a part of the heat available for the reaction. Water is generally used, which takes the energy to move to the gaseous state. They are also effective powders or gases with the same function.

Without the fuel, the fire stops. It can be eliminated naturally, consumed by flames, or artificially, through chemical and physical processes that prevent fire from accessing fuel. This aspect is very significant in the fire extinguishing (for example, through the firewall, as well as in the controlled fire). 

The lack of oxygen prevents the fire from beginning and spreading.

Is the oxygen the gas from the heat, and high temperatures?

On Earth is needed a minimum of 14% oxygen in the atmosphere to originate a flame or fire.

Increasing the oxygen percentage in the air from its initial 21% significantly increases the temperature of the flame reached with any fuel. For example, the natural gas burned in the air reaches a temperature of 1938 °c, whereas if it burns in an environment with 23% of O2 reaches 2004 °c, therefore we can conclude that the oxygen level increases the temperature of the flame or light.

In the industry oxygen as a source of heat.

Oxy-combustion; it is a technique that consists in separating the nitrogen of the atmosphere of an oven, and replace it with pure oxygen, which increases the temperature. When the temperature is 3000 °C by the injection of pure oxygen, then is recirculated the CO2 produced by the oven to reduce the temperature, which lowers the temperature of the oven until the1900 °C.

Results 

Oxygen is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere, equivalent to 21% of all atmospheric gases, it is the only gas in the highly reactive atmosphere, which when combined with other elements produces light and heat, in the upper layers of the Atmosphere oxygen always produces heat and light.

When we look at the sun, we realize that its energy comes in the form of light, known as electromagnetic, oxygen is a good absorber of ultraviolet rays, if we look at the amount of this energy that reaches the troposphere, where oxygen is much more Abundant that in any other layer of the atmosphere, by photochemical reactions that cause heat, we can conclude that a great part of the heat on Earth is the product of these combinations.

This heat generation process occurs when oxygen molecules absorb ultraviolet energy, as ultraviolet energy ionizes oxygen, increasing the velocity of oxygen molecules, increasing temperature, and average velocity of Molecules, is proportional to the temperature.

Also, when the oxygen is ionized, it becomes a good conductor of electricity and therefore of heat. 

We can see it in the ionosphere, where the atmosphere absorbs a lot of energy and its molecules are very accelerated. They reach 1500 C °, but the transmitted heat is small, because the air mass of this layer is very dim around 0.1.

The absorption of ultraviolet radiation by oxygen occurs from the upper part of the atmosphere to the lowest in the troposphere, where the greatest amount of air in the atmosphere is found.

Ultraviolet can be divided into three types of rays. 

UV A, long wave is those that most reach the troposphere and stimulate the oxygen molecule to increase the temperature.

UV B, short-wave, very damaging that can cause burns, is absorbed by ozone. Increase the temperature from-60 °c to 0 °c, but also reach the troposphere and produce skin cancer, and heat by ionizing the oxygen. 

UV C, shorter wave and greater danger, is absorbed by oxygen in the upper part of the atmosphere, originating light. A small part reaches the oceans, but before reaching the water, it has to go through the oxygen on the surface of the water.

Science teaches us that; The solar radiation passes through the atmosphere without heating it, because the air is diathermanous it is allowed to pass through the solar rays without heating. But this solar radiation, when it reaches the terrestrial or maritime surface, is transformed by increasing its wavelength and can heat the water as well as the soil and the lower layers of the air. Thus, this warming of the Earth's atmosphere is not direct but indirect from the higher wavelength infrared rays that are re-emitted by the hot earth surface.

When we see that 99.9% of atmospheric gases do not absorb infrared energy directly, or indirectly, and only absorb this energy 0.04%, of all gases in the atmosphere, we can reach the conclusion; That infrared energy, is not the energy that heats the atmosphere as science tells us, therefore, it does not originate global warming,

The heat and temperature on the planet originate mainly from the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the oxygen of the atmosphere, which represents 21% of the entire air mass of the planet.

The heat and temperature on the planet originate mainly from the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the oxygen of the atmosphere, which represents 21% of the entire air mass of the planet.

Global warming can be explained by an increase in gases, or by an increase in electromagnetic energy. In this case it is the ultraviolet energy, which is known to have increased in the last 50 years.

According to the projections in places where ultraviolet radiation is much more intense than in the equator, warming in these areas is much more intense than in other parts of the planet.

NASA scientists found that in tropical regions where ultraviolet radiation is more intense, this has not increased, which can be explained by a greater absorption of this ultraviolet radiation by oxygen in these areas, which is transformed into an Increase in temperature in these areas of the planet.

The increase in CO2 and heat. 

Science has taught us that the increase in greenhouse gases is related to the increase in temperature, but when we review historical data, we realize that this is not true.

Let's look at this table of CO2 ratio and temperature per month; 

The coldest month of the year 2015 was one of the months of highest level of CO2 in the atmosphere.

Then for years; 

According to the hottest 10 years since 1998, it is very difficult to demonstrate a relationship between CO2 in the atmosphere and global warming.

Then for decades;

Variation of temperature anomaly in CO2 310ppm

The table shows a maximum variation of 0.44 º C of anomaly of the annual temperatures, when the annual average of CO2 in the atmosphere did not ranged significantly, and remained in 310ppm and 311ppm, between 1936 and 1950.

The temperature anomaly variation between 1936 and 950, it begins with an increase of 0.39 º C (1936 (-0.11ºC) 1944 (0.28 ºC), and then decreases 0.44ºC (1944 (0.28ºC) 19508 (-0.16º C), which is important, because the anomaly of the annual temperature, in the last 100 years, increase at 0.8ºC.

The anomaly of 1944 of the temperature was 0.28ºC, came with 310.2ppm CO2 in the Atmosphere, in 1993 with 357.1ppm CO2 in the atmosphere, also had an abnormality of 0.28ºC.

The planet's temperature is not correlated with the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.

We can see how the temperature can vary, in the same annual average of CO2.

The great vegetations of some countries, in the warmer seasons, tends to decompose, and throw more CO2 into the atmosphere than in colder seasons. 

that is why in these times we see the underdeveloped countries, to throw more CO2 into the atmosphere, than the industrialized countries.

Finally, the oxygen absorption charts of the electromagnetic radiation show us that oxygen absorbs a lot of ultraviolet energy, and absorbs to a lesser degree infrared energy, which is not considered in the explanations of the Warming Global.

Conclusion:

Global warming is the most important issue of these times for humanity, because of the threat it poses to the entire planet, science has always offers us an explanation about its origin and how it is possible to stop its effect.

The main assumptions about global warming teach us that this phenomenon is the product of human activity, because it leads to the increase of gases that absorb and reemit infrared, known as greenhouse gases, the main being the dioxide of Carbon.

These gases cause an effect such as are observed in the greenhouses where the heat is stored in these systems, therefore have delineated some environmental policies, to stop the production of these gases, and be capable of reducing the greenhouse effect on the planet.

But this hypothesis is so to speak is something exotic, because the explanation about the possible greenhouse effect, caused by the gases, as would the glass or the plastic is something difficult to demonstrate, even more knowing that these gases only equal to 0.04%, of the Atmosphere gases.

But this work showed that the largest greenhouse gas so to speak, is not carbon dioxide, because it equals only 0.04%, but oxygen, because it is a highly reactive gas, which originates light and heat in the upper layers of the atmosphere, being also equivalent to 21% of all gases in the atmosphere.

The increase in CO2 is due to global warming, not the global warming to the increase of CO2,because; The great vegetations of some countries, in the warmer seasons, tends to decompose, and throw more CO2 into the atmosphere than in colder seasons. 

that is why in these times we see the underdeveloped countries, to throw more CO2 into the atmosphere, than the industrialized countries

Finally, there is a reality that has been overlooked by science, is that in the troposphere there is the highest amount of oxygen from the atmosphere, and ultraviolet energy, therefore, all the physical-chemical processes that cause heat, between the oxygen and the ultraviolet energy are given in the troposphere.

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